Journal of Scientific Exploration

Author	Title	Pag

	`Invited Essay`
Michael D. SWORDS	Using the Study of Anomalies to Enhance Critical Thinking in the Classroom	123-136
	Abstract: n upper-class college seminar-style course for general science credit is described. The primary function of the offering is to elicit higher cognitive thought from the students (analysis, synthesis, evaluation). The student experience from this course indicates not only that they had much to learn as regard to the state of evidence for many of the anomalies (from Psi to UFOs to Cryptozoology to Reincarnation), but that researchers and the "science establishment" are all demonstrating flaws and failures in their approaches to these subjects.

Marsha HANCOCK ADAMS	Some Observations of Electromagnetic Signals Prior to California Earthquakes	137-152
	Abstract: Electromagnetic (EM) signals in the frequency range below 1,000 Hz have been monitored since 198 1 for the purpose of earthquake forecasting. Signal strength increased more than 7 standard deviations above the mean prior to 3 major California Earthquakes; Coalinga (1983), Whittier Narrows ( 1987), and Lorna Prieta ( 1989). The signal increases occurred 10 days to one month prior to the earthquakes. They were continuously elevated until after each earthquake occurred. An effort to forecast time and location of smaller earthquakes in the magnitude 2-4 range is underway. Expert system software has been developed to interpret the EM signals in near real time. The expert system makes forecasts on a daily basis for selected areas in California. A preliminary statistical analysis of recent forecasts appears promising, yielding probabilities of p 1 * or better. On August 7, 1990 another series of strong signals began. They have continued for an unprecedented length of time and are still present at the time of submission of this paper on October 16, 1990.

William H. JEFFERYS	Bayesian Analysis of Random Event Generator Data	153-169
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 8 Number 2 /1994 - Erratum: Bayesian Analysis of Random Event Generator Data [Jefferys, William H.]
	Abstract: Data from experiments that use random event generators are usually analyzed by classical (frequentist) statistical tests, which summarize the statistical significance of the test statistic as a p-value. However, classical statistical tests are frequently inappropriate to these data, and the resulting p-values can grossly overestimate the significance of the result. Bayesian analysis shows that a small p-value may not provide credible evidence that an anomalous phenomenon exists. An easily applied alternative methodology is described and applied to an example from the literature.


Antonia MILLS	Moslem Cases of the Reincarnation Type in Northern India: A Test of the Hypothesis of Imposed Identification Part I: Analysis of 26 Cases	171-188
	Abstract: The author describes the features of 26 Moslem (or half-Moslem) cases of the reincarnation type in India. In eight of these cases a Moslem child is said to have recalled the life of a Moslem. In seven cases a Moslem child is said to have recalled a life as a Hindu, and in 11 cases a Hindu child is said to have recalled the life of a Moslem (these are referred to as half-Moslem cases). Most Moslems in India do not officially endorse the concept of human earthly reincarnation. In some instances the absence of the doctrine in Islam made Moslems hostile to investigation of the cases. However, the cases are generally very similar to the more common Hindu cases, except that in solved Moslem and half-Moslem cases a higher proportion of previous personalities died violently, and the subjects in the halfMoslem cases showed behavior and (in two instances) birthmarks appropriate for the other religious community. Both Hindu and Moslem parents found it troubling to have a child recall a past life in a different religion. Such cases are unlikely to be the result of subtle clues given the child to adopt an envied identity.
Antonia MILLS	Moslem Cases of the Reincarnation Type in Northern India: A Test of the Hypothesis of Imposed Identification Part II: Reports of Three Cases	189-202
	Abstract: The author describes three cases of the reincarnation type in India in which either the subject or the previous personality (or both) were Moslem. In one case both the child and the person she was said to be were Moslem. In the second case, a Hindu child claimed to be a Moslem. The third case not only remains unsolved (that is, no one was ever found who corresponded to the child's statements), but probably represents a spurious case. In this case or non-case, a Moslem child gave some indication of recalling being a Hindu Brahmin. Moslems do not endorse the concept of reincarnation and, therefore, approach cases skeptically. The cases are presented in some detail so the readers can assess for themselves to what extent the cases represent evidence that something paranormal by Western standards (such as reincarnation) may be taking place.

Michel PARROT	Electromagnetic Disturbances Associated With Earthquakes: An Analysis of Ground-Based and Satellite Data	203-211
	Abstract: Several observations were made of Very Low Frequency (VLF) emissions apparently associated with earthquakes, which were recorded independently at ground-based stations and on satellites. The observations at the Kerguelen station (49"26'S, 70°25'E) were made using magnetic antennae, on April 24 and 25, 1980, during a period when three earthquakes with magnitude Ms > 4.7 took place near the station. Several increases of electromagnetic waves at the time of earthquakes were recorded on the polar-orbiting satellite AUREOL-3. The observations on the geostationary GEOS-2 satellite were made using magnetic and electric antennae during the period 1977- 198 1. Data were analysed for those cases when both intense (M, > 5) earthquakes occurred in the region close to the satellite longitude and the satellite was operating in the VLF mode. A statistical analysis, based on the enhancement of wave intensity at the time of earthquakes and using GEOS2 data, seems to indicate that there is a (possibly indirect) association between seismic activity and some of the VLF emissions observed at the satellite. Ionospheric measurements made from the ground also showed an increase of the critical frequencyfoE, of the sporadic layer Es when earthquakes occurred nearby. Some aspects of the relation between the VLF emissions and the seismic activity are discussed.

C. M. PLEASS, N. Dean DEY	Conditions That Appear to Favor Extrasensory Interactions Between Homo Sapiens and Microbes	213-231
	Abstract: We report laser Doppler studies of the possibility of extrasensory interactions between Homo sapiens and isolated unicellular microbes, and unattended computer-controlled studies of the response of cultures of microbes to the distant sacrifice of clones. From the first series of experiments we find evidence that the focussed attention and intention of a person in nominal physical isolation from a culture of Dunaliella tertiolecta can influence their activity. Averaging of all data from a total of 25 1 trials strongly suggested the rejection of the null hypothesis. However, a subset of 1 18 formal trials conducted with more restrictive protocols were only marginally significant. A second series of experiments used the sacrifice of clones as a distant stimulus. The data appear to show that the marine alga Tetraselrnis suecica reacts dramatically to the sacrifice of cells in a physically isolated aliquot of the same culture if the experimenters are aware of the moment of sacrifice, and excited by the novelty of the experiment. In sharp contrast, only marginally significant results were obtained when the same experiment was run entirely automatically, with the time of the sacrifice defined by random number selection, and the experiment activated by computer command in an empty laboratory. A third series appears to illustrate a difference between the effect of the attention of experimenters and participants in a formal series, and the more highly developed states of excitement and interest which normally characterize pilot trials. In conclusion, we draw attention to the support which our observations provide for an "experimenter effect." Our present working hypothesis is that the result of any experiment is a form of environmental feedback, a complex manifestation of the conscious and subconscious expectations of the experimenter and the participants.

Helmut SCHMIDT	Correlation Between Mental Processes and External Random Events	233-241
	Abstract: `The report reviews the author's early work on the precognition of quantum processes, including changes introduced as safeguards against errors`

Ian STEVENSON	Phobias in Children Who Claim to Remember Previous Lives	243-254
	Abstract: In a series of 387 children who claimed to remember a previous life phobias occurred in 14 1 (36%). The phobias nearly always corresponded to the mode of death in the life of the deceased person the child claimed to remember. They usually manifested between the ages of 2 and 5, and sometimes the child showed the phobia in early infancy before it had begun to speak about a previous life. The phobias did not derive from imitating another member of the family or from any postnatal traumatic experience. They seem to require some paranormal explanation of which, however, reincarnation is only one.

William A. TILLER	A Gas Discharge Device for Investigating Focussed Human Attention	255-271
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 5 Number 2 /1991 - Comments on A Gas Discharge Device for Investigating Focussed Human Attention
	Abstract: A gas discharge cell with dielectric-coated electrodes and -- 1 mm gap was operated at voltages -- several percent below breakdown for the purpose of measuring an effect of focussed human attention on electron microavalanche size in the gas. An enhanced counting rate of supercritical size microavalanches was observed under a well-defined protocol when focussed human attention was active. It was found that humans can either enhance the microavalanche number and size or leave the system unchanged depending upon their mental focus. Here, the device design as well as the effects of various gases, dielectrics, shielding, etc., are discussed.

James W. WARWICK	Radio Emissions From an Earthquake	273-279
	Abstract: -Earlier we associated radio emission preceeding the great Chilean earthquake of 1960 with the quake by virtue of the emission region's size (if its source were the subsequently observed rupture zone) and the required direction of arrival at the observation station in Boulder, Colorado. Through analysis of the power relations between the emission in total power and signal levels in the interferometer, which failed to observe the emission in phase power, it is possible to deduce the least source size, under the plausible assumption that the emissions propagated nearly horizontally. This size is 3.1 degrees; the next larger possible solution for sources at this azimuthal range is 6.2 degrees. For signals arriving from the azimuth of the center of the rupture zone as seen from Boulder, the least source size is 3.47 degrees; a solution of 6.94 degrees is also possible. The total span of the rupture zone in azimuth was 3.5 plus or minus 0.2 degrees. The agreement with the least source size for the azimuth of the rupture zone is excellent and is further evidence for the reality of the association

	`Letters to the Editor`
	Comments on Remote Viewing and Computer Communications-An Experiment	281
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 2 Number 1 /1988 - Remote Viewing and Computer Communications-An Experiment [Vallée, Jacques]
	Comments on Vallee's Five Arguments Against the Extraterrestrial Origin of Unidentified Flying Objects	282-284
	`Related:` Journal of Scientific Exploration Volume 4 Number 1 /1990 - Five Arguments Against the Extraterrestrial Origin of Unidentified Flying Objects [Vallée, Jacques F.]

Editor:	Bernhard M. HAISCH
Magazine:	Journal of Scientific Exploration
Language:	English


			Year:	1990
			Issue:	Volume 4 Number 2